Concrete Mix Design:-
Concrete is a composite mixture which consists of Cement, Sand and Aggregate. Concrete mix design is the procedure for finding the right quantities of these materials to achieve the desired strength. Accurate concrete mix design makes concrete construction economical. Large constructions such as Bridges, dams requires huge amount of concrete, using the right quantity of constituents make the structure economical. In order to calculate or find the right amount of cement, sand and aggregate required in 1m3 of concrete; you need to know about different grades of concrete.
As per IS456:2000, Different grades of concrete are classified into M5, M7.5, M10, M15 etc., whereas M stands for Mix and the number behind M stands for Characteristic Compressive strength(fck) of the concrete in N/mm2 @28 days when checked with 15cm×15cm×15cm cube in direct compression test.
Contents
- Concrete Mix Design:-
- Different grades of concrete :
- Different types of Concrete mixes:
- Nominal Mix:
- Design Mix:
- Calculation of Quantities of Cement, Sand and Aggregate in 1m3 of concrete:-
- Concrete Mix Design for M20 Grade Concrete:-
- Calculation of Volume of Cement in 1m3 of Concrete:-
- Calculation of Volume of Sand (Fine Aggregate) in 1m3 of Concrete:-
- Calculation of Volume of Coarse Aggregate in 1m3 of Concrete:-
- Amount of Water Required for 1m3 of Concrete:-
- Table for Quantity of Cement, Sand, Aggregate, Water required for Different grades of concrete :-
- Concrete Calculator (Concrete Mix Design Automatic Calculator):
Concrete Mix design of M5, M7.5, M10, M15, M20, M25, M30 and higher grades of concrete is calculated as below:
The procedure for finding the different grades of concrete mixes are same. The below mentioned method can be applied to any grade of concrete by changing the values. To make ease in understanding we are finding the Concrete mix design of M20 grade concrete.
The Concrete mix ratio for M20 grade of concrete is 1:1.5:3 that mean 1 part of cement, 1.5 part of sand (fine aggregate) and 3 parts of aggregate (crushed stone) in volume and then batched for mixing. To know the Concrete Mix Design follow below:-
Mix Design (M) = Cement: Sand :Aggregate
As per BS 8500-2 British/European standards The grade of concrete is denoted as C10, C15, C20,C25, etc., ‘C’ which means ‘Concrete Strength class’ and number behind C refers to characteristic Compressive strength of Concrete in N/mm2 @ 28 days when tested with the 15cm dia & 30cm height cylinder in direct compression test
The grade of concrete is also denoted as C16/20, C20/25, C25/30, etc., which means Concrete Strength Class (C) the number behind C refers to Compressive strength of Concrete in N/mm2 when tested with Cylinder / Cube.
Remember : 1MPA = N/mm2
Different grades of concrete :
Different grades of concrete has different Concrete Mix proportions which means different concrete mix ratios. As Per IS456:2000, the Concrete mix design has the following concrete mix proportions :-
| Type of Concrete | Concrete Grade | Mix Ratio | Characteristic Compressive strength of Concrete @28Days in N/mm2 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Ordinary concrete | M5 | 1:5:10 | 5 N/mm2 |
| M7.5 | 1:4:8 | 7.5 N/mm2 | |
| M10 | 1:3:6 | 10 N/mm2 | |
| M15 | 1:2:4 | 15 N/mm2 | |
| M20 | 1:1.5:3 | 20 N/mm2 | |
| Standard Concrete | M25 | 1:1:2 | 25 N/mm2 |
| M30 | Design Mix | 30 N/mm2 | |
| M35 | Design Mix | 35 N/mm2 | |
| M40 | Design Mix | 40 N/mm2 | |
| M45 | Design Mix | 45 N/mm2 | |
| M50 | Design Mix | 50 N/mm2 | |
| High Strength Concrete | M55 | Design Mix | 55 N/mm2 |
| M60 | Design Mix | 60 N/mm2 | |
| M65 | Design Mix | 65 N/mm2 | |
| M70 | Design Mix | 70 N/mm2 |
Different types of Concrete mixes:
Concrete Mixes are primarily divided into the two different types :
Nominal Mix:
Nominal Mix is generally adopted for small scale constructions. In this type of mix, the mix ratios and concrete constituent proportions are prefixed and specified. Eg: M20(1:1.5:3); the quantity of cement, sand and aggregate is batched in volume as per the fixed ratio 1:1.5:3. From the above table till M25 grade, the concrete proportions are called as Nominal mix concrete.
Design Mix:
Design mix concrete is adopted for high rise constructions. In this type of mix, the mix ratios are decided by an Engineer after analysing the properties of individual ingredients of concrete. Like, cement is tested for Fineness modulus and Specific gravity of cement in the lab while deciding the Design mix ratio. There is No Pre-fixed ratio, and ingredients are are batched in weight. From the above table, concrete grades more than M25 falls in Design mix.
In Simple, Design Mix refers to the ratios which are decided by the designer.
Calculation of Quantities of Cement, Sand and Aggregate in 1m3 of concrete:-
To calculate the individual quantities of cement, sand and aggregate required for 1m3 assume a nominal mix grade of concrete such as M20. You can use same method to calculate any grade of concrete.
Concrete Mix Design for M20 Grade Concrete:-
Now let us consider M20 grade concrete;
As per IS456:2000, M20 Grade concrete proportion is = 1 : 1.5 : 3
We have to add all the volume to know the total volume = 1 + 1.5 + 3 = 5.5
As we know that during concreting when we place wet concrete, it gets harden after certain standard time. Considering the same it had be decided upon by Civil design Engineers to take a factor of safety ranging from 1.54 to 1.57 to counter that shrinkage.
i.e volume of dry Concrete = 1.54 to 1.57 times Volume of wet concrete
I am Assuming 1.57 as factor of safety
So total volume of concrete required is 1.57 m3
Calculation of Volume of Cement in 1m3 of Concrete:-
To calculate the Quantity of Cement in Concrete the following formula is used.
Volume of Cement
= Cement⁄Cement+Sand+Aggregate x 1.57
For 1m3 of Concrete = 403.2Kgs of Cement is required.
No. of Cement Bags required for 1m3 of Concrete = 403/50 = 8.06 ~ 8 bags
Hence we require 8 bags of cement for 1m3 of concrete.
Also Read:
Detailed explanation for No. of bags required for 1 cum of cement
Calculation of Volume of Sand (Fine Aggregate) in 1m3 of Concrete:-
The following steps are followed to find the quantity of sand in 1m3 of concrete.
Volume of Sand
= Sand⁄Cement+Sand+Aggregate x 1.57
Sand usually consists of moisture content. It increases the volume of sand (bulking of sand).
For accurate calculation use dry sand or include the effect of bulking as mentioned above in calculation.
Hence we require 672kg of sand for 1 cu.m of concrete.
Calculation of Volume of Coarse Aggregate in 1m3 of Concrete:-
The following formula is used to find the quantity of coarse aggregate in 1m3 of concrete.
Volume of Aggregate
= Aggregate⁄Cement+Sand+Aggregate x 1.57
Density of aggregate may go higher if void spaces decreases. 5mm aggregate has more density when compared with 20mm size of aggregate
Hence We require 1326Kg of 20mm aggregate for 1m3 of Concrete.
Amount of Water Required for 1m3 of Concrete:-
For making concrete, required amount of water is added. Water quantity is depends upon the climatic factors and workability required. We generally maintain 0.35-0.50 of water cement ratio. Remember, above values may change according to the moisture content present in sand and aggregate.
Cement Required for 1m3 of Concrete = 400Kgs
Assume W/C ratio = 0.50 (50% of cement)
Water required for 1m3 of Concrete. = 400 x 0.50
Amount of Water Required for 1m3 of Concrete = 200kgs = 200 litres
Hence 200 Litres of Water is required for 1m3 of M20 Concrete
Summary: –
8 bags of cement required for 1 cu.m of M20 grade concrete.
672 kg of Sand required for 1 cu.m of M20 grade concrete.
1326 kg of 20mm Aggregate is required for 1 cu.m of M20 grade concrete.
200 litres of water is required for 1 cu.m of M20 grade concrete
Table for Quantity of Cement, Sand, Aggregate, Water required for Different grades of concrete :- 
Concrete Calculator (Concrete Mix Design Automatic Calculator):
You can also refer:
Curing of Concrete & Curing methods
Important Properties of Concrete
14 Different types of cement
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Hi sir,thank u so much for this information
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hi sir,good evening
i studied concrete mix design for M20 .its really nice,i learned so much , in addition to ,i want to know the water quantity .but you don’t represents that in the mix design sir
Hi thivakaran,
Thanks for ur feedback
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Hey Thivakaran,
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sir
volume of the dry concrete =1.57 *5.5
why take only 1.57
dry volume varies from 1.54-1.57 i took max in calculation
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i find tths tips very useful and have been using it for my calculations
yes you can use this method for calculation. As already mentioned these are approximate values and differs based upon the environmental conditions, moisture content in aggregate, sand, cement, water cement ratio
How many kg sand, cement, aggregate and water is required for 1cum of m25 concrete for mix design
fnd out the ratio of your design mix and apply the above method.
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Hi,
Good to read from you and wanted to ask you that if we add up the volume of cement, sand,aggregate and water that is 0.28+.42+.85 equals to 1.55c.m,which is higher than 1c.m,it supposed to be 1c.m when we add up each result in c.m right?
you forgot to work out dry volume
hope this clear your doubt
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What are this 1440,1600 and 1560 to multiply with factor of safety and volumes ,how we get those please explain in detailed please…….
those are densities of respective constituents
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how can we calculate quantity of cement, sand and W/C ratio for cement mortar(1:4 or 1:5 or etc.)
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M20 aggregate is 1326kg
M40 aggregate how many kg please tell me sir
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for m25 you mention 565 kg cement in 1m3 of concrete…but as per IS Code…max value of cement content is 450 kg in 1 m3..plz correct my doubt ??
Hi Pooja,
M25 is a design mix were proportions are changed as per design.
Well, I have considered above mentioned proportions for different grades of concrete and tabulated the values.
As i clearly mentioned that above mentioned values are approximate values where actual values may change due to the presence of moisture content in atmosphere and constituent materials as well.
Thanks, Hope this helps.
Krishna,
How did you take the density of cement as 1440kg/m3? Did you mentioning OPC ?
yes it is OPC
have any software calculation costing, cement, Sand, stone, labour . Pls help name of software
thanks and regards
revit helps !
formula of cement as 1440kg/m3?
Pls help CC 1.4.8 require Qty cement total M3 67
i didnt get u clearly. Post your query clearly on forum.civilread.com
Dear brother,
I have a problem,
I have received a work order for the following job.
1. P/I of CC 1:4:8 Qty M3 2.000
Providing and laying lean concrete 1:4:8 mix
ratio using S.R. cement, approved quality 3/4” max: size graded crush
2. P/I of CC 1:2:4 Qty M3 25.000
Providing and laying C.C. 1:2:4 with S.R. Cement specified strength at any level using approved quality 3/4” max. size graded crushed stone
3. Laying of Deformed Steel Bars Qty KG 2,000
Installation of deformed steel reinforcement bars
4. P/I of plaster Qty M2 40
Providing & applying 3/4″ thick cement plaster
5. fabrication & Laying of Channel 6″x3″
Qty KG 300
Services for laying/grouting of Channel size 6″ X 3″ at edge of the civil structure
We have to build foundations. Will you pl give me quantity of Cement, sand
My whatsApp # 092-03002565845
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